

Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR)
KIR genetics is complex: different KIR genes may or may not be present, giving rise to genetic diversity. Like HLA, polymorphic variants of the KIR genes also exist; different alleles may exhibit functional differences.
We perform PCR-RSSO presence/absence testing for the following Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) genes:
Activating KIR genes
- KIR2DS1, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS5, KIR3DS1, KIR2DS4*
Inhibitory KIR genes
- KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL4, KIR2DL5*, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR3DL3
Pseudogenes
- KIR2DP1, KIR3DP1
* Including non-expressed null alleles
Antibody Detection
We use Luminex xMAP® technology to detect antibodies (presence/absence testing) and are able to further characterise antigen specificity as required.
We use the most comprehensive antigen panels available.
Our assays are able to detect and characterise human IgG antibodies directed against:
- HLA Class I (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C) and Class II (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4, HLA-DRB5, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1).
- Human Neutrophil Antigens (HNA): HNA-1a, HNA-1b, HNA-1c, HNA-2, HNA-3a, HNA-3b, HNA-4a, HNA-5a and HNA-5b.
- MHC Class I Related Chain A (MICA).
- A variety of putative autoantibodies.
Whether you require antibody detection and specification in the sera of research subjects or the supernatant of cell lines, our team are happy to provide advice when planning your study or interpreting your results.


If U Care Share
VH Bio partners with If U Care Share, an independent charity based in the North East of England. The charity does amazing work focusing on the prevention and intervention of suicide as well as the support for those bereaved by suicide.
We are proud to sponsor the charity and support their mission of ‘Getting what’s on the inside, out.’ The team participates in their annual Inside Out Day, attends charitable functions, and in turn receives valuable awareness and support from the charity through visits and events.
Supporting a Transplantation Programme in Barbados
At VH Bio, we are passionate about scientific initiatives in immunology, transplantation and molecular diagnostics.
Our relationship with the Best-dos Santos Public Health Laboratory in Barbados has been an inspirational and rewarding venture which could see transplantation services transformed in Barbados and potentially throughout the Caribbean!
Learn how we support the Best-dos Santos Public Health Laboratory with training, supplying instrumentation and supplies, and empowering its scientists and clinicians through education and on-site assistance:
